There is no cure for diabetes. The goal of therapeutic measures is believed to be achieved when blood sugar levels are normal, which is to prevent complications. Treatment includes diet, exercise, medication, and prevention of complications.
Diabetes diet is the basis of treatment. Proper nutrition helps to improve the condition and treat the symptoms. Yes, you need to radically overhaul your diet and diet. Yes, you need to give up on sweet and fat. And yes, there will be a lot of restrictions in your diet. Isn’t the prospect of eating cabbage and black bread your whole life inspiring you? Don't be nervous!
The diet for type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be varied. The most important thing is to understand what to eat and what not.
Focus: carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are the main energy suppliers. In the case of diabetes, it should be 50-60% of the energy value of the food. Carbohydrate foods are traditionally divided into two groups:
- Fast (simple) carbohydrates. They are absorbed within 15 to 20 minutes after ingestion and lead to an immediate rise in blood sugar levels. These are any sweets, starches, sugar, potatoes, white bread, semolina and rice grains. Their use should be discontinued.
- Slow (complex) carbohydrates are absorbed within a few hours. These are almost all cereals, cereal bread, vegetables, fruits, berries. It can and should be consumed, but the amount must be strictly controlled.
Cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage, zucchini, eggplant, lettuce, sorrel, spinach, rhubarb, radishes, radishes, blueberries, lemons, apples and plums can be consumed in quantities of 600-800 g per day. Carrots, beets, onions, saffron, celery, sweet peppers, beans, citrus fruits, cherry plums, pears, peaches, cranberries, strawberries, raspberries, currants, gooseberries, cranberries, sweet apples, but in limited quantities. You should sharply restrict potatoes from your diet and completely exclude pineapples, bananas, pomegranates, cherries and cherries, persimmons, grapes and dried fruits.
Dietary fiber, which is found in plant foods and can reduce blood sugar, is of great importance. Brussels sprouts, white cabbage, lemon, onion, garlic, oats, legumes, green beans, broccoli, cauliflower, lettuce and some other foods have hypoglycemic effects.
If rejection of sweets is difficult to tolerate, your doctor will advise you on which sugar substitute to use in each case and in what amount.
Fats
The amount of animal fat in the diet is reduced. This is especially true for refractory fats of animal origin - lamb, pork, fatty beef, duck, goose. You should not eat cholesterol-rich foods (heart, liver and other offal). Preference should be given to easily digestible vegetable fats.
Fats cannot be completely denied, without them we will not get fat-soluble vitamins and unsaturated fatty acids omega-6 and omega-3. It should be 25-30% of the energy value of the diet.
Squirrels
Proteins usually require more than the physiological norm. They compensate for the energy value of the diet while reducing the amount of fats and carbohydrates.
You need to get about 20% of your calories from protein. However, 55% of the total protein is of animal origin.
Lean beef, rabbit, turkey, fish, chicken, egg, cottage cheese and other dairy products, as well as legumes and special SBCS product proteins are recommended.
Dietary guidelines for diabetes
- Forget about fried, smoked and salty foods. The products must be cooked, steamed and baked.
- The daily amount of food is divided into 5-6 meals. This helps to absorb carbohydrates evenly and helps you avoid a sudden rise in blood sugar levels. Breakfast should account for 25% of the energy intensity of the diet, lunch - 10-15%, lunch - 25%, afternoon tea - 5-10%, dinner - 25% and the second dinner 5%. 10%.
- It is advisable to eat at the same time, strictly following the diet. This is especially important in insulin-dependent diabetes.
- The caloric content of foods should be about the same every day.
- The drinking system recommended by your doctor should be followed.
A sensible, balanced approach to nutrition is the foundation of good health in diabetes. Don’t forget about moderate physical activity and weight loss. They help you feel better and live longer.